Italy's climate varies from north to south. Rome has mild winters (7–12°C) and hot, dry summers (30–34°C). June–August in Rome and the south is very hot and crowded — spring (April–May) and early autumn (September–October) are ideal.
Northern Italy (Milan, Venice, Bologna) has more pronounced seasons with cold winters and humid summers. The Dolomites offer skiing in winter and hiking in summer. Sicily is warm year-round, with mild winters and long, hot summers perfect for beach visits April–October.