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Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuva) is one of the three Baltic states of northeast Europe. It's a low-lying, mostly agricultural country bordered by Latvia to the north and east, Belarus to the south, Poland to the southwest, Kaliningrad exclave of Russia to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the northwest. It broke away from the Soviet Union to become an independent republic in 1990, soon followed by Latvia and Estonia, the other two Baltic states. It is the largest of the three Baltic states, extending to about 65,300 square kilometres with a population of 2.9 million in 2025. Vilnius the capital is the country's star attraction. Beyond is a compact yet diverse country of modern cities, unique small towns, traditional villages, forests, castles, manors, churches, lakes, rivers, hillforts and strange sculptures and monuments attesting to its pagan past.

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