Egypt is mostly desert with very little rainfall. Cairo has mild winters (14–20°C, December–February) and extremely hot summers (35–40°C, June–August). Upper Egypt (Luxor, Aswan) is even hotter in summer, regularly exceeding 45°C — these areas are best visited October–April.
The Red Sea coast (Hurghada, Sharm) is warm year-round with cooling sea breezes — comfortable even in summer. Alexandria on the Mediterranean has more moderate temperatures and occasional winter rain. The absolute best time to visit the ancient sites is October–November and February–March: mild temperatures, lower crowds, and post/pre-peak pricing.